# Defaults

Default occurs when a borrower (1) fails to maintain sufficient margin or (2) fails to repurchase its collateral tokens within the repayment window. 

<details>

<summary>Margin deficit</summary>

A margin deficit occurs when the value of a borrower's collateral is no longer sufficient to meet the [maintenance margin ratio](/protocol/term-repos/terminology.md#maintenance-margin-ratio). The protocol tracks this by monitoring a borrower's [transaction exposure](/protocol/term-repos/conventions.md#transaction-exposure), which is calculated as follows:

$$\text{transactionExposure} = \text{maintenanceMarginRatio}\*\text{repurchasePrice}-\text{collateralMarketValue}$$

where the [collateral market value ](/protocol/term-repos/terminology.md#collateral-market-value)is measured in real-time using [Chainlink oracle price feeds](https://data.chain.link/). Where a borrower's [Transaction Exposure ](/protocol/term-repos/terminology.md#transaction-exposure)is negative, their collateral is eligible for [liquidation](/protocol/term-repos/defaults/liquidation.md).

</details>

<details>

<summary>Failure to repurchase</summary>

The repurchase date marks the maturity date of a Term Repo. Borrowers are required to repurchase their collateral tokens on the repurchase date and they must do so within the [repurchase window](/protocol/term-repos/terminology.md#repurchase-window), which typically lasts 12 to 24 hours from the repurchase date. Failure to do so means that the borrower is in default and their collateral is eligible for [liquidation](/protocol/term-repos/defaults/liquidation.md).&#x20;

</details>


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